How are proteins and nucleic acids related?
a.) they both provide energy.
b.) they both carry genetic information.
c.) the structure of proteins is determined by nucleic acids.
d.) the subunits of nucleic acids are also the subunits of proteins.

I believe the correct answer is C.) The structure of proteins is determined by nucleic acids.

To understand this answer, we have to go back to a process called protein synthesis which occurs in the ribosome of a cell. To make the proteins, transcription of DNA to mRNA first occurs in the nucleus. A process called translation then occurs which is just reading the mRNA to understand the message it contains. mRNA is usually single stranded and has bases that code for specific amino acids that build up proteins. Making the mRNA from DNA is the first phase of DNA synthesis called transcription. A strand of mRNA is created and complements the strand of DNA. For Example, if the DNA coding was GAC ACT GAC, the complementary mRNA will be CUG UGA CUG. C complements for G, U complements for A and G complements for C. UAGCT are nitrogenous bases or the nucleic acids found in RNA and DNA. Transcription is divided into initiation where an enzyme called RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region signaling the DNA to unwind to enable the enzyme RNA polymerase to read of the 2 strands that make the DNA. Elongation is the second step where nucleotides are added the strand of mRNA with the complementary bases. Termination is the last step and the mRNA strand that complements the DNA is fully completes so it cuts away from the DNA. Translation of the mRNA then occurs so that a protein can be made. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters into the ribosome that reads the codons in the mRNA and molecules of tRNA carry amino acids into the ribosome according to how the codons of mRNA are arranged. In end, when the ribosomes translate to the terminating codon, the process of translation ends and a protein is made with amino acids arranged in the correct sequence.

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Level: High School

Subject: Biology

Topic: The cell

Option (C) The structure of protein isdetermined by nucleic acids is correct answer.

Further Explanation:

The protein is an elongated chain of amino acids that are a necessary part of all living organisms. Protein is the basic structural element of body tissues such as muscles, hair, etc. nucleic acids are macromolecules that store genetic data and modify protein production. Proteins are classified as primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary proteins according to the types of bonds present in the structure as well as its complexity.

Deoxyribonucleicacid and ribonucleicacid are the nucleic acids composed of nucleotides. The DNA present within the cell's nucleus transcribes itself to make RNA and the RNA translates to make a protein. Carbohydrates are the primary supply of energy within the body. Nucleic acids are nowhere involved in providing energy to the body. The nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) carry the genetic data in an organism. The nucleic acids are made up of nucleotides thymine, adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine. Twenty amino acids randomly made up the protein. Some examples of amino acids are alanine, glycine, proline, glutamine, tyrosine, etc. So, the subunits of nucleic acids don't seem to be the subunits of proteins.

Thus, the nucleic acids determine the structure of proteins formed.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Molecular basis of inheritance.

Keywords:

Nucleotides, adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil, amino acids, alanine, glycine, proline, DNA, RNA, central dogma of molecular biology, translation, transcription.

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