The bonds or interactions that hold together adjacent nucleotides in the sugar-phosphate backbone of dna are

Factors that can increase mutation rates a. high temps b. low temps c. food additives d. uv rays

Explain the cellular functions that occur when antibiotics attack a bacteria cell. a. antibiotics target the cell wall, cell membrane, and the processes of protein and nucleic acids production in bacteria to rupture the cell. b. antibiotics create dormant resistant endospores to preserve the genetic material and rupture the cell. c. antibiotics target the cell wall and form a bridge-like connection to form conjugation. d. antibiotics use binary fission to grow twice its size, replications its dna, and split into two cells.

1. which of the following transport mechanisms utilizes energy? a. osmosis b. diffusion c. facilitated diffusion d. endocytosis