Insects may be preserved in the hardened sap of trees called

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

Northern switzerland has a fairly cold climate caused by sea winds from the atlantic ocean but souther switzerland tends to be much warmer and sunnier, what could cause this difference?

Will ! a cell containing a 3% sucrose solution is placed into a beaker containing a 7% sucrose solution. assume the cell’s membrane is permeable to water, but not permeable to the sucrose. where will the water diffuse? explain.