Each node on a cladogram represents o the point at which two clades joined and became monophyletic.
O the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor.
O the most recent point at which a trait was lost in a certain clade.
o the point at which one or more species became extinct.

Jerry wants to consume no more than 45% of his calories from carbohydrates. calculate his requirement for calories from carbohydrates based on a 2,500 kcal per day intake.

Amutagen is 1: a living thing that has undergone a mutation. 2: an agent that causes a mutation in dna. 3: a mutation that has affected one gene. 4: a chemical that can poison living cells.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of the bottleneck effect? answers a in south africa, much of the afrikaner population is descended from a small number of dutch colonists. in this population, this is an unusually high frequency of pseudoxanthoma elasticum (pxe), an elastic tissue disorder. b four white-tailed deer are introduced to a park in finland. thirty years after their introduction scientists compare the genes in the population and find that there is no variation. c during the industrial revolution, london's air became filled with soot. as a result, birds started eating more of the lighter moths because they were easier to spot than their darker counterparts. over time, the moth population changed so that there were more darker moths than lighter ones. d 10% of the population of american alligators in an area have the recessive trait albinism. a massive flood results in the death of 80% of the population. of the remaining population, 60% have the recessive trait of albinism.