What are the effects of base-pair

insertions and deletions?

DNA is divided into codons which are 3 bases long. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid or signals transcription to stop or start. Inserting or deleting one base pair changes how the DNA is read, so it will often alter the amino acids the DNA sequence produces. As a result, the protein made from the gene may not function properly.

Example:

AAT CGC CGA TGA

Delete the T from the first codon

AAC GCC GAT GA

The entire sequence is read differently ^

label a cell membrane

label b cytoplasm

label c ribosomes

label d dna

the membrane forms the outside of the cell

cytoplasm is the liquid within

ribosomes are the components within that distribute rna

the dna is the genetic make-up

voluntary muscles are controlled by the cerebellum.