How do we know a particular lineage of prokaryote exists in a natural habitat without first isolating and growing it in laboratory culture

Color blindness is a recessive trait. the gene for color blindness is on the x chromosome. the family tree below shows the trait of color blindness. the only unknown is the mother in the first generation

How does friction with the atmosphere affect the speed of an artificial satellite

During an experiment, readings for blood pressure in a persons body were found to be constant . however , when he measured by a different blood pressure cuff , the readings differed by 15 points for each reading. this difference indicates that the results are