RESPIRATION:
Respiration is an energy giving life process. To produce biological energy molecule, (ATP) each living cell requires following process to undergo:
Glucose is the main respiratory substrate.
It can oxidized in following different ways:
Aerobic cellular respirationAnaerobic cellular respirationAnaerobic respiration in yeast and other plant cells is also known as fermentation. Anaerobic respiration is muscle cells
Lactic acid deposits in muscles and
causes muscle fatigue. Since the
oxidation of glucose occurs at cellular
level it is called cellular respiration.
Thus, break down of glucose is not a
single step process.
ATP:
Adenosine triphosphate is the energy currency of the body produced during cellular respiration.
ADP + P → ATP ATP → ADP+P+30.5 KJ
POINTS TO REMEMBER:
For oxidation of glucose oxygen is required and carbon dioxide produced by this process has to diffuse out.Different organism uses different ways for gas exchange.In plants, leaves have stomata. In stemlenticels and in roots root hair.Aquatic animals uses dissolve oxygen from water but oxygen level in water is fairly low that is why aquatic animals has greater breathing rate.All land animals use the oxygen in atmosphere for respiration.Properties of the respiratory surface should be-
(a) Highly thin
(b) Large surface area
(c) Rich supply of blood capillaries
Is diffusion sufficient?
Diffusion pressure of gases is not enough to reach each body cell. Thus, in the blood respiratory pigment called haemoglobin is present. Haemoglobin transports both carbon dioxide and oxygen.
Respiration in human body:Trachea is supported by rings of cartilage.Bronchi, bronchioles and alveolar sac are parts of lungs.Lungs are covered by a membrane called pleural membrane.One breathing cycle involve inhalation and exhalation.During inhalation, diaphragm moves down, rib cage moves upwards and outwards. Gases diffuse in the lungs due to low air pressure in lungs.The pair of lungs are protected by chest cavity which is made up of sternum, ribs and backbone on the lower side it has diaphragm.hope it helps you<3
