The discovery that only the E1 subunit of the PDH complex has lower than normal activity has led you and the medical examiner to assay the concentrations of several key vitamins in various tissues. Assay results Riboflavin and niacin levels are at the low end of the normal range. Thiamine levels are nearly undetectable. Lipoic acid and pantothenic acid levels are at the low end of the normal range. The PDH complex requires the cosubstrate CoA as it converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA. What other cofactors or cosubstrates does the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex require to function

these muscles maintain the blood pressure in the vessels. the smooth muscles are innervated by nerves of the autonomic nervous system. when the muscles contract, they cause vasoconstriction of the vessels and increase blood pressure. when the muscles relax, they enable vasodilation of the   blood vessels hence reduce blood pressure.  

linnaeus is the father of taxonomy, which is the system of classifying and naming organisms. one of his contributions was the development of a hierarchical system of classification of nature. today, this system includes eight taxa: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.

this would be called india