In a hypothetical study - researchers studied insect herbivory in oak forests in the Santa Monica Mountains. The researchers were interested in whether an invasive tree species, which is becoming common in the oak forests, increased herbivory on oaks. The oak trees and the invasive tree compete with one another for resources. Further, the increase in herbivory is a negative interaction for the oak. The researchers found that the invasive tree species provides cover for the herbivorous insects, which in turn are able to feed heavily on oak trees (high herbivory). This is an example of a. Apparent competition
b. Competitive exclusion
c. Mutalistic keystones
d. Indirect commentalis

Astructure that is found in a plant cell and not in an animal cell is a ? central vacuole mitochondrion nucleus ribosome

With the description of the different cell walls, membranes, and associated proteins set in the students' minds, you now need to introduce them to the idea that the cell wall can also act as a foundation to build things upon. bacterial appendages require a strong foundation that will offer the support needed to move and function in a dynamic world. for example, flagella are long, whiplike protein structures that are used by many gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria for locomotion. in order to function effectively, a flagellum must be firmly anchored to the cell wall. how will you be able to get across the idea that the peptidoglycan cell wall is strong enough to support such a mechanism? with a protein rod that passes through the cell wall and protein rings used to anchor it in the membranes, these basal bodies are the rudimentary biological motors that use atp power to spin the hook and the flagella attached to it. bacterial flagella have a biological motor that spins within the cell wall and is powered by atp. this allows the flagella to spin in a whiplike motion to propel the bacterium.

Which of the following are false concerning microbes? a. microbes generate oxygen through photosynthesis. b. the primary role of microbes on the planet involves causing disease in animals and humans. c. microbes produce vitamins in the intestines. d. microbes play a role in breaking down waste and decomposing dead organisms.