We know that all of our cells have an IDENTICAL set of DNA strands. We have learned that what makes them different is which part of that DNA is expressed (gene expression) and the results of that expression (protein synthesis). This overall concept is called the central dogma. Your job in this C-E-R is to demonstrate your understanding of the importance of this concept.

Genes are composed of DNA arranged on chromosomes.

Some genes encode structural or regulatory RNAs. Other genes encode proteins.

Replication copies DNA; transcription uses DNA to make complementary RNAs; translation uses mRNAs to make proteins.

In eukaryotic cells, replication and transcription take place within the nucleus while translation takes place in the cytoplasm.

In prokaryotic cells, replication, transcription, and translation occur in the cytoplasm.

Key Terms

DNA: a biopolymer of deoxyribonucleic acids (a type of nucleic acid) that has four different chemical groups, called bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine

messenger RNA: Messenger RNA (mRNA) is a molecule of RNA that encodes a chemical “blueprint” for a protein product.

protein: any of numerous large, complex naturally-produced molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, in which the amino acid groups are held together by peptide bonds

Explanation:

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halogen, any of the six nonmetallic elements that constitute group 17 (group viia) of the periodic table. the halogen elements are fluorine (f), chlorine (cl), bromine (br), iodine (i), astatine (at), and tennessine (ts).