during which substage of mitosis do sister chromatids break apart and start moving to opposite poles of the cell?

Anaphase

Explanation:

During the sub-stage of Mitosis the phase known as Anaphase is where the sister cromatids seperate from each other and are then moved to the oposite ends of the cell.

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the solute can move "downhill," from regions of higher to lower concentration, relying on the specificity of the protein carrier to pass through the membrane. this process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion, and does not require energy.