baby jamison was born with . this is a genetic disorder in which the lungs are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus.

the binding of the substrate is dictated by the shape of each molecule. side chains on the enzyme interact with the substrate in a specific way, resulting in the making and breaking of bonds.

the sugar-phosphate backbone forms the structural framework of nucleic acids, including dna and rna. this backbone is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, and defines directionality of the molecule.