Computer models have shown how increases in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will change sea levels around the globe. Based on this
information, does the Earth's atmosphere represent an open system or a closed system?
A. Earth's atmosphere is a closed system because energy can enter or leave the system but no significant amount of matter can enter or leave the system.
B. Earth's atmosphere is a closed system because no significant amount of energy or matter can enter or leave the system.
C. Earth's atmosphere is an open system because energy can enter or leave the system even though no significant amount of matter can enter or leave the system.
D. Earth's atmosphere is an open system because significant amounts of both energy and matter can enter and leave the system.

A) While the earth itself is a closed system, all systems inside the earth's atmosphere are considered open systems. An open system is a system in which both energy and matter transfer with their surroundings

B) The earth is a closed system because only energy is naturally transferred outside the atmosphere. Matter needs to break physical laws in order to leave the earth's atmosphere, and outside matter, such as meteorites, is prevented from getting

C) Energy radiates into the Earth’s system, mainly from the sun. Energy is then radiated back into space from the Earth, with the flows being regulated by the Earth’s atmosphere and ozone layer. This delicate balanced transfer of energy maintains the surface temperature at a level that is suited to the forms of life that have evolved and currently exist

D) Any system within the Earth system is considered an open system. Because energy flows freely into and out of systems, all systems respond to inputs and, as a result, have outputs

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.

before, trains worked using the steam engine. thus, it uses heat so it is crucial to apply heat balance. the steam engine absorbs energy during the stage of boiling water. so, this is the endothermic reaction. when the steam is used to work the piston, it has to release this energy through running the train. the excess energy is released as an exhaust to the chimney. this is the exothermic process because it releases energy to the surroundings.