12. The tree swallow and the little brown bat breed in similar habitats. Both feed
on insects they catch while in flight. Explain why these organisms do not
occupy exactly the same ecological niche.

Because of niche partitioning or differentiation.

Explanation:

Competition is a common ecological and evolutive process in nature. Competition might be intra- or interspecific. Competition between different species in a community or ecosystem might be due to the same resource use, or the same territory, shelter, etcetera. When a resource is useful for two or more species and limited, they compete to gain it.

The principle of competitive exclusion states that different species with the same requirements sharing the niche can not coexist indefinitely based on the same limited resource. When two competing species coexist, this is because of niche partitioning or niche differentiation.

Differentiation of effective niche is closely related to character displacement. Resource partitioning and differentiation allow both species to coexist more effectively.

In the exposed example, swallows and bats feed on insects and breed in similar habitats. However, swallows feed during the day, while bats feed during the night. Feeding at different times is an example of niche differentiation. In this way, both species can inhabit the same area and feed on the same source of food, but avoid competition.

the correct answer is option b

behavioral response need communication and thus co-ordination at several levels such as interaction among cells, organ system and the entire organism.

behavioral response produces both internal and environmental stimulus.

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.