What is an Obligate anaerobe? How do obligate anaerobes, like the bacteria C. Botulinum, get energy ?

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Explanation:

Obligate anaerobes are microbes that can only survive in oxygen-deficient environments. They are killed by the normal atmospheric level of oxygen and will only thrive in environments whose oxygen levels are lower than that of normal atmospheric level.

Obligate bacteria such as Clostridium botulinum obtain their energy through anaerobic respiration processes such as fermentation and anaerobic respiration. During this process of fermentation, the lactic acid pathway is mostly used but other fermentation pathways such as propionic acid, mixed acid, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis pathways can be used.

answer: the blood-brain barrier is a layer of specialized membranes and cell processes designed to keep undesirable substances from passing from the bloodstream into the precious tissues of the brain. while the blood-brain barrier does keep most bad things out of the central nervous system, it is not impermeable.

explanation: