Blood tests can be used to check a person’s blood glucose and hormone levels. The tabular column given below shows the result of two blood tests carried out on three people to check their blood glucose levels. Person 1 is healthy. a. Compare the glucose levels of person 1 with the glucose levels of person 2 after fasting for12 hours.

b. Compare the glucose levels of person 3 with the glucose levels of person 1, 2 hours after drinking 75g glucose.

c. Person 3 cannot produce the hormone that controls blood glucose levels. State the hormone that person 3 cannot produce.

Pic is the table to refer.

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See the answer below

Explanation:

a) From the table, the glucose level of person 1 (5.4) was less than the glucose level of person 2 (5.6) after 12 hours of fasting. The glucose level of person 1  falls within the normal fasting blood sugar range (3.9 to 5.6 mmol/L) while that of person 2 was borderline higher than normal.  

b) Also from the table, the glucose level of person 3 (12.1) was greater than that of person 1 (6.4) when the glucose levels were measured 2 hours after drinking 75 g glucose. Normal after-meal sugar level ranges between 6 and 10.9 mmol/L. Hence, person 3 appears to be diabetic while person 1 seems normal.

c) The hormone that person 3 cannot produce is insulin.

Insulin helps lower blood sugar levels when necessary by signalling the liver to convert the excess sugar to glycogen which is then stored in the body. When the blood sugar falls below the normal range, another enzyme, glucagon, signals the liver to convert the glycogen back to sugar to compensate for the decrease.

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