Molecules are attracted to one another by Van der Waals forces. How do Van der Waals forces compare with ionic and covalent bonds? a. Van der Waals forces are stronger than ionic and covalent bonds.
b. Van der Waals forces are weaker than ionic and covalent bonds.
c. Van der Waals forces are stronger than ionic bonds, but weaker than covalent bonds.
d. Van der Waals forces are stronger than covalent bonds, but weaker than ionic bonds.

Explanation:

Van der Waals forces are stronger than ionic bonds but weaker than covalent bonds. D.

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Van der Waals forces are stronger than covalent bonds but weaker than ionic bonds.

parasites can detrimentally affect their host, but also must not allow their host to die before they can complete their life cycle. some parasites have complex life cycles with many different hosts, and have had to find ways of persisting in many different environments during the change from one host to another. ectoparasites live outside the body of the host, and can more easily  disperse, but are  more exposed to predators, parasites, parasitoids. endoparasites live inside the body of the host, and are therefore protected from the outside environment. but they can be  attacked by the host's immune system. they have therefore developed  mechanisms for dispersal such as  complex life cycles.

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