What determines the length of a geologic time period

The galapagos island contain 13 species of finches four of the species are seen here it is believed that all of the species had one common ancestor and overtime

In pea plants, yellow seed color (y) is dominant and green seed color (y) is recessive. based on the punnett squares, what are the chances that the offspring in the second generation will have green seeds?

The pacific plate is an oceanic tectonic plate. how did a hot and the pacific plate interact to form the hawaiian islands?