What is ecological resilience?​

In ecology, resilience is the capacity of an ecosystem to respond to a perturbation or disturbance by resisting damage and recovering quickly.

Explanation: For example, plants absorb phosphorus and limit algal growth in shallow lakes with low levels of phosphorus. An increase in phosphorus inputs, however, can lead to algal blooms that reduce light penetration and kill plants, releasing more phosphorus for algae.

the answer is; comparing the frequency of collisions with and without the device

this makes the anti-collision system an independent variable and the collisions a dependent variable. if there are fewer collisions with an anti-collision system that without, then it can be stated that the system is a success. essentially, collisions under an anti-collision system are compared with the frequency of collisions by cars with the human drivers.

answer; i believe the correct answer is (a)0