Compare and contrast inhalation and exhalation in terms of what takes place between the lungs and the diaphragm muscle.

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts. As it contracts, the diaphragm moves downward, increasing the volume within the thoracic cavity. Due to this increased volume in the thoracic cavity, a negative pressure gradient is generated which causes air to flow from the environment into the lungs. The lungs expand as the alveoli of the lungs fill with air.

During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and rises into the thoracic cavity, decreasing the volume in the thoracic cavity. The decreased volume in the thoracic cavity results in an increased pressure which causes air to flow from the lungs out to the environment. At the same time, the lungs are elastic and act to help air flow out as the retract after being expanded.

hypoxemia refers to a below usual concentration of oxygen in the blood, mainly in the arteries. hypoxemia is an indication of an issue associated with circulation or breathing and may lead to various symptoms like shortness of breath.  

the condition is identified by determining the level of oxygen in the blood sample obtained from an artery. it can also be predicted by determining the oxygen saturation of the blood with the application of a pulse oximeter.  

the normal arterial oxygen is about 75 to 100 mm hg. the values underneath 60 mm hg is generally considered with the requirement for supplemental oxygen. the normal pulse oximeter readings generally range between 95 to 100 percent. the values under 90 percent are regarded as low.  

in the given case, the oxygen saturation is measured at 93 percent, hence, there is no need to administer oxygen, that is, one should withhold oxygen.