Several times this semester we learned that membranes function to define separate microenvironments in cells; settings wherein different components may be distributed on the two sides of the membrane or where different concentrations of the same component may be established for some purpose. Identify two different systems where concentration gradients are responsible for an important cellular function. Briefly describe the function and how it is dependent on a microenvironmental difference. Please organize your answers using the headings below. To do so, simply copy the four headings below into the answer space and then type your answers to the parts of each question in alignment with its proper heading.

Name of System 1:

How is function dependent on microenvironmental difference?

Name of System 2:

How is function dependent on microenvironmental difference?

Chapter 11.1 & 11.2 notes section 11.1 1. every living thing has a set of ? inherited from its parents. 2. after becoming a ? , mendel spent several years studying ? and mathematics at the university of vienna. 3. during sexual reproduction, male and female reproductive cells join, a process known as ? . 4. pea flowers are normally ? , which means that sperm cells in pollen fertilize the egg cells in the ? flowers. 5. when mendel crossed plants with ? characters for the same trait, the resulting offspring had only one of the characters. 6. a ? is a specific characteristic, such as seed color or plant height, that varies from one individual to another. 7. filius and filia are the latin words for ? and ? . 8. the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits are called ? . 9.to mendel's surprise, all of the offspring had the character of only ? of the parents. 10. mendel's first conclusion was that biological inheritance is determined by ? that are ? from one generation to the next. 11. scientist calls the chemical factors that determine traits ? . 12. mendel's second conclusion is the ? . 13. the principle of dominance states that some alleles are ? and others are ? . 14. when mendel allowed the f1 plants to reproduce by self-pollination the traits controlled by ? alleles reappeared in about ? of the f2 plants in each cross.

Ais a group of individuals of the same that exist together in the same place at the same time

Crossing over and independent assortment are important activities that occur during meiosis. what is the significance of these activities