Example of a substitution point mutation: DNA codons: TA C G T I A C A A T T
mRNA strand:
Normal Protein:
Now perform a substitute point mutation by changing the “G” in the DNA strand
above to a "C".
DNA codons:
mRNA strand:
Mutated Protein:

black

lasagna

lunch

math

when it is at an intermediate population density

the oldest known insects are believed to live around 400 millions ago as suggested by the fossil records.   some plants having woody stems also evolved during this time.

after the evolution of insects the first four legged species or the tetrapods evolved in shallow freshwater habitats from the intermediate species approximately 397 million years ago. the tetrapods went on conquering the land giving rise to amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds.

the major split in tetrapods first occurred 340 million years ago branching off from amphibians.

363 million years ago when the carboniferous period began the insects started roaming on land and taking flights, following which the four limbed tetrapods adapted in the terrestrial habitat.