20 POINTS The following question has two parts. First, answer Part A. Then, answer Part B.

Caused by a mutation, sickle cell anemia is a disorder that affects hemoglobin, the red blood cell molecule that carries oxygen to cells throughout the body. The β chain of the hemoglobin protein is a single chain of amino acids and is 147 amino acids long. In humans, the gene that encodes for the β chain is located on chromosome 11. The diagrams show the DNA, RNA, and amino acid sequence of an unaffected person and a person with sickle cell anemia.

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Part A:

Where does the mutation that causes this disorder occur?

A
The mutation occurs on the DNA.

B
The mutation occurs on the RNA.

C
The mutation occurs on the ribosomes.

D
The mutation occurs on the amino acid.

Part B:

Which BEST describes the result of this mutation?

A
The entire sequence of amino acids is changed.

B
The RNA strand does not code for the correct amino acids.

C
The change in amino acids shortens the polypeptide sequence.

D
The alternation of a single nucleotide encodes for a different amino acid.

lesson summarykaryotypes a genome is the full set of all the genetic information that an organism carries in its dna. chromosomes arebundles of dna and protein found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

question#1

ans:

cell is the basic unit of organization of all living things. cells are often called the building block of life and it is the smallest unit of life. the study of cell is called cell biology. cell consists of cytoplasm enclosed within membrane, which contain bio-molecules such as proteins and nucleic acid.

two third of cell is water, which means that two-third of your whole body is water. the rest is the mixture of molecules, mainly proteins, lipids and carbohydrates.

question#2

ans:

organ:

an organ is a group of tissues specialized to form a functional unit. an example is the heart in animals.

organ system:

an organ system is a group of several organs whose functions are synchronized to release an effective action in a living organism. an example is digestive system.

question#3

different systems perform different function at tissue level. for example, the respiratory system facilitates breathing. in the alveoli tissue of the lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules between the air and the bloodstream occurs by passive transport, so that oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide and water are removed. different systems of the body carry out different functions. for example, your digestive system is responsible for taking in and processing food, while your respiratory system working with your circulatory system is responsible for taking up oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide.

question#4

different systems perform different function at tissue level. for example, the respiratory system facilitates breathing. in the alveoli tissue of the lungs, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules between the air and the bloodstream occurs by passive transport, so that oxygen is taken in and carbon dioxide and water are removed. different systems of the body carry out different functions. for example, your digestive system is responsible for taking in and processing food, while your respiratory system—working with your circulatory system is responsible for taking up oxygen and getting rid of carbon dioxide.

question#5

our body works because of the interactions that happen between organs and organ systems.  

for example:  

the heart to regulate blood flow throughout the body. the blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells and carries carbon dioxide and waste away from the cells. body systems work together in maintaining a constant internal environment. when this balance is disrupted, the body systems may not function properly, and human health can suffer.   you start to feel bad.

voluntary muscles are controlled by the cerebellum.