What does it mean that a hypothesis must be testable? can a hypothesis be proven unquestionably true? why or why not?

A hypothesis must be testable because it needs to prove its veracity to be accepted. A hypothesis cannot be proved unquestionably true, because it is susceptible to errors and can present false information, which will be revealed through the tests.

Explanation:

Hypothesis is the assumption of something that may (or may not) be credible, that can be verified, from which a conclusion is drawn. Popularly, the term is used as a synonym for speculation, chance or possibility of something happening. In scientific and academic research, for example, a hypothesis corresponds to a possibility of explanation about a particular cause of study. An object of research can have several different hypotheses, and it is the responsibility of the researcher to put into practice experiences and other methods of verification to discover which hypotheses are most likely or true.

Thus, we can say that a hypothesis must be testable because it needs to prove its veracity to be accepted. A hypothesis cannot be proved unquestionably true, because it is susceptible to errors and can present false information, which will be revealed through the tests.

an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.