1. in cats, short hair h is dominant over long hair h. a heterozygous cat hh and a homozygous recessive cat hh have a litter of seven kittens. what is the probability of having a long haired kitten?
a. 0%
b. ¼
c. ½
d. ¾
e. 100%
2. for which group of organisms is binary fission the most common type of asexual reproduction?

a. simple plants like mosses and ferns
b. advanced flowering plants
c. invertebrates such as worms
d. unicellular organisms like amoebae
e. primitive reptiles that are now extinct
3. a student hypothesizes that thick leg muscles are an inherited trait in dogs. the student collects data on several dogs, and the data show that dogs that live outdoors have thicker leg muscles than dogs that live indoors. what should the student conclude?

a. dogs that inherit thick leg muscles may not survive indoors.
b. dogs with thick leg muscles may require more exercise than dogs with thin leg muscles.
c. inheritance alone may not account for thick leg muscles in dogs.
d. inheritance of thick leg muscles may be associated with coat thickness in dogs.
e. the student’s data must have been incorrect because dogs cannot have different thickness in leg muscle due to different living conditions.

4. charles darwin developed the theory of natural selection, which stated that
a. new species evolved by having different abilities to develop acquired characteristics
b. all species have variation, but these variations do not change over time.
c. individuals in a population show variations.
d. the inheritance of traits can be predicted using punnett squares
e. chromosomes are the basis for genetic inheritance
5. which pair of structures best shows that plant cells have functions different from animal cells?

a. cytoplasm and mitochondria
b. chloroplasts and cell walls
c. nuclei and centrioles
d. ribosomes and cell membranes
e. rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

6. the plant below is a xerophyte, it has smaller leaves, grow compactly and close to the ground, and has a non-porous covering on their leaves such as wax. hair on the leaves of plants to reduce evaporation from the surface of leaves by reflecting sunlight and inhibiting air movement. these characteristics are adaptations that allow this plant to:

a. survive in extreme cold habitats
b. not be eaten by herbivores
c. resist insect infestations
d. trap more sunlight
e. survive with very little water
7. which of these food chains is in the correct order? (cattail is an aquatic plant)

a. cattail, caterpillar, frog, water snake
b. cattail, frog, caterpillar, water snake
c. water snake, frog, caterpillar, cattail
d. caterpillar, cattail, frog, water snake
e. frog, cattail, caterpillar, water snake