Before 1800, most peppered moths in england were light-colored. during the industrial revolution, soot and industrial wastes darkened tree trunks. gradually, the light-colored moths became rare, and the dark-colored ones became abundant. what role did natural selection play?

Parthenogenesis is a type of reproduction that does not require a mate. it’s rarely seen in birds and higher vertebrates. parthenogenesis involves the formation of a zygote. but this zygote is formed without fertilization. in parthenogenesis, in the absence of a male gamete, the ovum develops directly in the zygote.