Describe how a cuticle could have evolved through natural selection

Why is it important to reduce the number of chromosomes in half when forming gametes for sexual reproduction?

Residential construction is expanding in florida, the expansion has caused fragmentation of habitats, one of the results of the increased construction is a decrease in the number of large predators such as the coyote, black bear and pool panther, which will be the most immediate local result of this fragmentation? 1)large predators will become extinct 2)decrease in middle sized predators 3)increase in population of top carnivores 4)increase in population of prey species

Which best describes this behavior? it is beneficial only to the males that do not fertilize eggs. it is beneficial only to the female workers that are not fertilized. it is beneficial to each one of the individual colony members. it is beneficial to the whole species, but not to all of the individual members.