Mendel was able to study seven traits in all the pea plants in each generation. which of his hypotheses allowed him to analyze each trait separately?
a. if two different alleles for a gene occur together, one of the alleles may be expressed while the other is hidden.
b. when gametes are formed, each gamete carries only one allele for the gene.
c. there are alternate versions of a alleles called genes.
d. for each inherited trait, there is only one copy of the gene that codes for that trait.
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The correct answer is B. When gametes are formed, each gamete carries only one allele for a gene.

Mendel’s the ‘principle of segregation’ or ‘law of purity of gamete’ allowed him to analyse each trait separately. This law is an universal law. According to the principle of segregation, the two alleles of a gene separate or segregate during gamete formation and goes into separate gamete. So, a gamete may have either the dominant allele or the recessive allele but never both the alleles of a gene. Thus, gamete is always pure for a particular trait. 3:1 ratio of offspring in F2 generation of monohybrid cross indicates segregation of factors during gametogenesis and test cross confirms segregation.    

humans, along with other animals and plants, have linear chromosomes that are arranged in pairs within the nucleus of the cell. the only human cells that do not contain pairs of chromosomes are reproductive cells, or gametes, which carry just one copy of each chromosome.