What is the role of rna polymerase?
a. it transcribes the dna strand.
b. it bonds the dna strand.
c. it unzips the dna strand.
d. it translates the dna strand.

Answer;

A. It transcribes the DNA strand.

Explanation;

-RNA synthesis is carried out by proteins; known as RNA polymerases (RNAPs); that transcribe the genetic information from DNA in a highly-regulated, multi-stage process.

-RNAP is the key enzyme involved in creating an equivalent RNA copy of a sequence of DNA. This transcription is the first step leading to gene expression.

The role of RNA polymerase is transcription of the DNA strand.

Further Explanation:

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double stranded molecule which carries the genetic information. DNA is enclosed in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells but in prokaryotes DNA is present in the cytoplasm. DNA is transcribed to RNA (Ribonucleic acid) and then it is translated to form protein.

Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotes which is the process of synthesis of single stranded RNA from double stranded DNA. RNA polymerase is an enzyme which attaches to the DNA strand where one of the DNA strand acts as a template. The transcription process is based on complementary base pairing so for each nucleotide found on the template DNA its complementary base is attached to the growing RNA strand. For example, adenine (A) found on DNA template pairs with Uracil (U) on the RNA or Thymine (T) found on the DNA, pairs with Adenine (A) of RNA. Similarly, Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C) or C with G.

The RNA strand is formed in the 5’ to 3’ direction and there are three main types of RNA namely, mRNA (Messenger RNA), rRNA (Ribsosomal RNA) and tRNA (Transfer RNA). Also, there are other different types of RNA namely, miRNA, snRNA, snoRNA and 5S rRNA. All the types of RNA are produced by single type of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes while in eukaryotes there are three different RNA polymerase namely, RNA polymerase I, RNA polymerase II and RNA polymerase III where each type transcribes different RNAs.

Learn more:

1. Learn more about DNA replication

2. Learn more about bacteria:

3. Learn more about viruses:

Answer Details:

Grade: Higher secondary

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Molecular biology

Keywords:

RNA polymerase, transcription, nucleus, DNA, RNA, template strand, adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil, thymine, mRNA, rRNA, tRNA.

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