How would low tide most likely negatively affect the abundance of aquatic organisms?

low tide creates wave action that kills organisms.
low tide exposes aquatic organisms to air for extended periods of time.
low tide exposes aquatic organisms to cold water isolated in pools on land.
low tide creates diluted water.

Low tide exposes aquatic organisms to air for extended periods of time.

Tides are the result of water being pulled by the gravitational force exerted by moon and sun. The low tides will displace the water from the upper and superficial layer of the water body, hence it will expose those animals living in the upper superficial layer to the outer atmospheric air. Some animals being not tolerant to high impact air do not survive. Therefore, the abundance of aquatic animals are nagatively affected by low tides.