In your own words, explain a chromosomal mutation. a strand of dna that had previously read aaactcg now reads aaacctcg. what occurred? in your own words, explain the following: ecological succession, disturbance, pioneer species, annuals, and hardwood trees. give an example of either an organism or vegetation that can be found in the following biome: tundra, temperate grassland, tropical rainforest, desert, and savana. in your own words, explain the following: photosynthesis, respiration, diffusion, atmosphere, hydrocarbons, and sink.

A chromosomal mutation could be nondisjunction, inversion, translocation, deletion, insertion of the chromosome itself (NOT the nucleotides within the genes).

This strand of DNA underwent an insertion of a cytosine. (Which results in a frameshift.)

Ecological succession is when an ecosystem is destroyed and it has to regrow.
- primary succession starts from nothing. Could be after a volcano eruption and there's nothing but rock
- secondary succession is just like primary, though there is some soil present
Succession starts with lichen, moves on to shrubs, then eventually larger trees begin to grow.

Tundra - arctic fox
Temperate grassland - grass lol
Tropical rainforest - toucan
Desert - cactus
Savanna - cheetah

Photosynthesis - how autotrophs use sunlight to make their own food.
Sunlight + 6H2O + 6CO2 > C6H12O6 + 6O2

Respiration - how organisms make energy from sugars
C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6H2O + 6CO2 + ATP energy

Diffusion - movement of particles across a membrane (osmosis is diffusion of WATER across a membrane)

Atmosphere - the gases that surround a planet (like Earth)
The Earth's atmosphere contains Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and many others. The ozone (O3) aids the greenhouse effect.

Hydrocarbons - compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon (often used in fuels and natural gas)

Sink - the part of the plant that stores the sugar, it can also be an environment that absorbs some form of matter or energy