Which structure is involved in the reproduction of a fern plant

Sporangium (plural- sporangia)

Explanation:

ALTERNATION OF GENERATIONS between haploid state and diploid state is a vivid phenomenon in the reproductive life cycle of ferns. Both generations grow independently of one another. The sporophytic phase, which is the visible fern plant, produces a structure found on the underside of the Fern's leaves or fronds called SPORANGIA. They are usually in a group or cluster called SORI. These sporangia produces haploid spores by meiosis. The spores are released and they germinate into a gametophyte.

The gametophyte produces haploid sperms (from antheridium) and haploid eggs (from archegonium) which fuses in a process called fertilization to produce a diploid zygote. The zygote undergoes mitotic growth to develop into embryo which subsequently becomes the sporophyte (fern plant). The cycle repeats continuously when the sporophyte produces spores on its SPORANGIA again.

micro/nanoscale topography surface exhibits many prominent properties and is extensively employed in biomedical device, microfluidic device and energy device fabrication. additionally, the clinical applications of biomaterials can be largely expanded with of nanostructured surfaces.

the farther away the object is from the central star (the sun) it's gravitainal pull on the object is weaker when it is farther

explanation: