How do cells as algae and protists avoid lysis in fresh water?

Most protists lack a cell wall and would be in danger of lysis were it not for their contractile vacuole. This is a cell component with the ability to pump excess water out of the cell. Algae can afford to take in water because they are protected by their strong outer wall. When the internal pressure of the algal cell is high enough, it will oppose further inflow of water.

Pro insulin undergoes extensive posttranslational modification along the production pathway .

Because the earth is not round ,but it may seem round when viewed from ,our planet but true some points earth is not round was an oblate spheroid -a square that it squashed as globe however is not even a perfect oblate spheroid.in fact isaac newton's first proposed that earth was not perfectly round but it was an oblate spheroid instead.that mean a square that is squashed as its poles and swollen at the