As you have seen, the bay is teeming with animal life. what causes the abundance of available food in the bay?

There is an abundance of both phytoplankton and zooplankto. Those are the beginging of the food chain in a bay

Well, both latitude and intensity of light affect temperature because, the higher the light intensity, the higher the temperature and since latitude is the measure of how close you are to the equator, then the closer to the equator you are, the higher the temperature is.