As hominids evolved, their litter sizes decreased and their gestation period increased. which of the following inferences can be made based on this observation?
reproductive success would increase, since mothers had to carry fewer offspring.
hominids would have less difficulty finding mates, since competition is reduced.
maternal care for offspring would increase due to a greater investment to protect.
offspring would likely migrate in order to expand their territory and find mates.

The correct answer is - Maternal care for offspring would increase due to a greater investment to protect.

During the hominid evolution, the litter sizes decreased and the gestation period increased, and that has resulted into a slower reproductive cycle. The smaller number of the litter means that the newborns are much more precious in the sense of the survival of the species, as any loss can have a very big negative effect on the future generations.

Because of that, the maternal protection, but also the protection of the father and everyone in the tribe is very big, and the young ones are well taken care of for much longer periods of time than before. That has made the hominid youngsters very dependent on the elderly for over a decade for their survival, thus prolonging their independence and ability to survive on their own.

the last one: artificial selection/genetic engineering

plant breeding is modifying the genetic composition of the plant - but this isn't cloning (which is specifically introducing a gene into a genome). but you are artificially selecting for the phenotype that you want.

the second one is literally genetic engineering - the gene would have been cloned first and then inserted or genetically engineered into the new plant cell (the cotton).