Avaccine puts into the body weakened/dead pathogenic material, which by itself is incapable of causing disease. how does this to protect the body in the case of infection by a live pathogen?

During the process of vaccination, an attenuated pathogen is inserted into the body the organisms. The attenuated pathogen is able to provoke the primary immune response in the body of the organism without causing any harm.

Once the primary immune response is generated, the body creates a memory in form of antibody to the pathogen. After vaccination, if the pathogen infects, the body recalls the memory and generates a secondary immune response. The intensity of the secondary immune response is much higher than the primary one, so, as soon as the pathogen enter in the body, the antibodies against it are activated and result in defeating the infection.

For a better understanding purpose, the intensity of the primary and the secondary immune response is given in the figure:

answer:

the water molecules are transferred from the roots to the stem or top parts of the tall tree because of important properties of water which are adhesion, cohesion and capillary action. cohesion is the property of water molecules keeps water molecules in a combined state by sharing of bonds between them at the atomic level. adhesion allows the interaction of water molecules with other substances or substrate. adhesion will cause the attachment of water molecules to the wall of the vessel (xylem) of the plant. capillary action occurs when the adhesive force to the vessel wall is stronger than the cohesive force between water molecules. capillary action mimics the transfer of water from a tube or pipe. in this way water utilizes its property to transfer water from down to top level of the plant.