Biology, 13.11.2019 11:31 macenzie26

Several adaptations have made land animals very successful. list as many adaptations as you think of that made life on land possible.

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It is vital to your understanding of this topic that you remember life on Earth was largely water-based and these aquatic creatures had to undergo adaptations and evolution over millions of years of transition to make the conversion to life on land possible. Animals had to develop lungs in addition to or replacing gills that could breathe air and extract the oxygen from that rather than the water. They also had to develop feet to replace their fins. Animals also had to be able to adjust to wide ranges of temperature on land that they didn't experience in the water, thus they developed different forms of heat protection. Mainly, animals had to develop a respiratory system that could handle the increase of oxygen, feet/legs that were suited to land rather than water, and stronger bodies that were rigid and could withstand high/low temperatures, terrestrial predators like those of vertebrates and arthropods, that were the animals first able to live on land.

Answer from: Quest

interphase

the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. the cell is not dividing and it constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle

prophase

changes occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still in tact

prometaphase

the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

metaphase

all the cell's duplicated chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

anaphase

begins when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

telophase

the daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell

cytokinesis

the division of a cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. usually occurs during telophase during mitosis. this and mitosis make up to mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle

Answer from: Quest

anthropod traits:

a well-developed collarbone

rotating shoulder joints

partially rotating elbow joints

opposable thumb

similar dental formula