Primary succession begins after a
a) tornado.
b) hurricane.
c) lava flow.
d) forest fire.

C. lava flow

An ecological succession is a change in the biotic community of the ecosystem with respect to change in the non-living factors and time, until the ecosystem attains stability. A primary succession occurs in a region which is completely barren and it is not able to sustain any form of life.

A primary succession begins after a lava flow because lava being a major disaster will completely destroy the soil by overlying hot magma which later on gets solidified in the form of rocks. The rate of soil production again from rocks will determine the speed of ecological succession.  

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interphase

the period of cell growth when the cell synthesizes new molecules and organelles. the cell is not dividing and it constitutes the majority of the time spent in the cell cycle

prophase

changes occur in the nucleus and cytoplasm. the chromatin condenses to form structures (sister chromatids) visible with a light microscope and the mitotic spindle begins to form, but the nucleus is still in tact

prometaphase

the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the sister chromatids

metaphase

all the cell's duplicated chromosomes are lined up at an imaginary plane equidistant between the poles of the mitotic spindle

anaphase

begins when sister chromatids separate from each other and ending when a complete set of daughter chromosomes arrives at each of the two poles of the cell

telophase

the daughter nuclei form at the two poles of a cell

cytokinesis

the division of a cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells. usually occurs during telophase during mitosis. this and mitosis make up to mitotic (m) phase of the cell cycle