What is the role of a pioneer species in primary succession?

to destroy parasites
to create shade
to provide fruit
to create the soil

to create the soil

Explanation:

An ecological succession can be define as a series of changes that occur in the biotic community with respect to the changes that occur in the abiotic or non living factors such as soil, temperature, water, natural calamity and others  in a particular time duration until the ecosystem attains stability.

A primary succession is an initial stage of succession which occurs in a land which was not previously occupied by any living species and the physical environment is not favorable to support the life initially. A pioneer species is the one which makes the environment suitable for the survival of other species. For example Lichens, they secrete acids over the rocks which causes their disintegration into particles of soil. The accumulation of soil facilitates the growth of the plants.

d concave shape of wave rock

explanation:

the concave shape of wave rock is a very good evidence that supports the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering. if we talk about structure of   wave rock, studies have estimated that it is around 2.7 billion years old. it also serves as the foundation of evidence that it was the place where australian continent began to form.

how the structure of wave rock was created?

studies suggest that structure of wave rock was created when the surrounded area was started to weather due to which deposition of material started on the part of land which now contains wave rock.

the structure of wave rock is considered to be one of the best-known landforms in australia. at the height of around 15 cm, there can be found flared slopes which formulate the margins of hyden rock. it is now assumed by geologists that wave rock was created by subsurface water-induced weathering and not by glaciers, waves or wind.

due to deposition of material over the period of long time, the wave rock became tougher and tougher due to weathering from surrounding terrain. this makes it a physical evidence that supports   the evolution of earth due to chemical weathering.

hope it !