What's the relationship between a ruminant and its microbial symbionts in terms of teamwork

Apart of an ecosystem that can restrict the growth of a population is referred to as

What molecules will be best used to compare different species with the exact same sequence of amino acids? why would two species have the same protein even if the molecules in question is different? (hint: transcription to translation to protein).

The small molecule cyclic amp (camp) takes about 0.2 second to diffuse 10 μm, on average, in a cell. suppose that camp is produced near the plasma membrane on one end of the cell; how long will it take for this camp to diffuse through the cytosol and reach the opposite end of a very large cell, on average? assume that the cell is 200 μm in diameter.