When it is summer in the U. S, why is it winter in South America?

the suns on the other side of the earth at the time

Explanation:

hope it helps :)

The Earth is tilted at an angle of about 23 degrees, which means that depending on where Earth is on its orbit, one pole will be getting more hours of light (summer) and one will be dark (winter).

Explanation:

Also, the earth is tilted on it's axis so more direct rays of sunlight hit the southern hemisphere making it summer in that hemisphere while it is winter in the northern hemisphere.  Six months later, this reverses, and more direct rays hit the northern hemisphere.  That's why it's summer here while it's winter there.  

The earth's distance from the sun has nothing to do with it.  It's all about the axial tilt.

Hope this helps!!

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i think the miocene epoch spans the time from 23 million to 12 million years ago.

this is math not biology xd