Both primary and secondary succession begin with pioneer species that- a use up all the existing resources and prevent establishments of non-native organisms
b modify the area and allow larger and more complex organisms to appear
c change the area and make it safer from predatory organisms
d invade the area so that new organisms cannot be established

i think that is new experiments yield untrustworthy data and should be carefully considered, because you don't know what will happen with the experiments.

lesson summarykaryotypes a genome is the full set of all the genetic information that an organism carries in its dna. chromosomes arebundles of dna and protein found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.