Which of the following two cycles are the most closely related in their role in sustaining life?
a.
carbon and nitrogen
b.
water and nitrogen
c.
carbon and oxygen
d.
nitrogen and phosphorus

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

What are the two causes of density in deep current waters? a. salinity (how much salt) of the water and high temperaturesb. salinity (how much salt) of the water and low temperatures c. oxygen content of the water and high temperatures. d. oxygen content of the water and low temperatures

Which type of transport is responsible for oxygen entering into blood cells? a. vesicle b. passive c. facilitated d. active b. passive