Processes in the human body are often complex and can be difficult to represent with a physical model. Evaluate the model that Sammi designed by thinking about how her model compares to the actual interaction of the digestive and circulatory systems. Then, sort the statements according to whether they are strengths or weaknesses of her model. Not all statements will be used. 1. Cardboard and the tissue of the digestive tract have different properties.
2. Only one system is included in the model.
3. All of the major organs involved in digestion are included.
4. The capillaries are more complex than one, large plastic tube.
5. The major organs responsible for circulating blood are included.
6. The process of nutrient absorption is depicted in a visual way.
7.The corrugated cardboard shows how villi increase the surface area of the digestive tract.

the correct answer should be false

{apex}

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an individual’s sex (i.e., whether they are a male or female) is determined by the sex chromosomes. most people have two sex chromosomes, one that is inherited from their mother and one that is inherited from their father. typically, females have two x chromosomes (xx) and males have one x chromosome and one y chromosome (xy). conditions caused by changes (“mutations”) in genes located on the x chromosome are considered x-linked.

x-linked recessive inheritance

most x-linked conditions are recessive. this means that in a person with two x chromosomes (most females), both copies of a gene (i.e., one on each x chromosome) must have a change or mutation whereas in a person with one x chromosome (most males), only one copy of a gene must have a mutation. a female with a mutation in one copy of a gene on the x chromosome is said to be a “carrier” for an x-linked condition. a male with a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome is typically affected with the condition. because females have two copies of the x chromosome and males have only one x chromosome, x-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females. however, x-linked recessive diseases can occur in both males and females.

for x-linked recessive disorders, an unaffected carrier mother who has a mutation in a gene on the x chromosome can transmit either the x chromosome with this mutation or a “normal” x chromosome to her children. if the father is unaffected, none of her daughters will be affected and all of her daughters will be unaffected—since they will inherit at least one normal x chromosome from their father. however, each daughter will have a 50% chance of being an unaffected carrier like her mother and a 50% chance of both x chromosomes being normal.