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The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i. e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

In the desert, saguaro cacti, owls, horned lizards, and fire ants all share the same space. which of the following can be considered a population? question 9 options: all plants in the same area all cacti in the same area all species in the same area the lizards and the ants

Mike wants to negatively charge a small rubber ball. which of these methods would successfully charge the ball? a) heating the ball in boiling water b) running the ball over a strong magnet c) rubbing the ball back and forth on carpet d) dropping the ball from a tall bulding submit hint forces in nature (s8p5.b) conductors and insulators id: 10402 hint electrons must be transferred.