Switchgrassis used for ethanol production. The compositions of the switchgrass are 37% cellulose, 24% xylan, 3% galactan, 4% arabinan, 20% lignin, 7% extractives, and 5% ash(all on dry basis). The switchgrass is pretreated with dilute acid method before enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The pretreatment hydrolyzes 10% hexosan (cellulose and galactan) and 90% pentosan (arabinan and xylan) into monomeric sugars. Approximately 30% of the hydrolyzed pentoses are decomposed to furfural. Assume there is no decomposition of the hydrolyzed hexoses. How much sugars (glucose, xylose, galactose, and arabinose, respectively) are produced when pretreating 1,000 kg (dry matter) switchgrass

they each offer a fresh glut of resources to the organisms that can arrive and exploit them. as individuals and new species continue to appear, they actively and passively alter the environment. competition for shared resources increases, local abiotic and biotic conditions shift, and the relative abundances of species change accordingly. the process is called ecological succession, and it is one of the earliest and most well-known concepts in ecology.

common management practices in dairy and poultry farming are: (i) proper shelter facilities and their regular cleaning. (ii) some basic hygienic conditions such as clean water, nutritious food, etc. (iii) animals are kept in spacious, airy, and ventilated place.

a. suckling by young

b. hypothalamus

c. dopamine

d. trh

e. anterior pituitary

f. mammary glands

g. milk production