Scientists have successfully engineered the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) to produce human insulin, an important endocrine peptide in mammals. When the human gene that encodes insulin, flanked by certain regulatory sequences, is integrated into the genetic material of E. coli cells, the resulting E. coli cells can produce insulin that is active in humans. Such E. coli strains are called recombinant E. coli. The insulin-producing trait of recombinant E. coli can be passed down to new generations when cells are grown in a proper selective medium. Why can the recombinant E. coli strain produce biologically active human insulin?

Gene transfer has changed the genetic code of E. coli.
Gene transfer has changed the way E. coli regulates gene expression.
E. coli cells and human cells have similar compositions of nucleotides and amino acids.
E. coli cells and human cells have similar enzymes and processes for synthesizing mRNA and protein.

"1. it should be, it has been for about 20 years, and it's really not much different in the end than breeding animals to have particular traits. there are always concerns about genetically engineered animals/plants affecting the environment in unexpected negative ways, but i can't think of an example where the fears didn't turn out to be baseless.  

first, as you point out, it would be a great advance in pharmacology, to be able to tailor drugs and their doses to me. the pros involve better medical treatment. the cons involve privacy issues like insurance companies denying coverage to people with genetic risk factors. looking at dna markers wouldn't affect the frequency of genetic diseases, but it would allow detection of them earlier. and ok, actually i suppose that if people used this information to avoid having children with genetic diseases, some might decrease in frequency."

bal is blood alcohol level. bac will normally be higher in a person with more body fat. so the answer to your question would be, as body fat decreases, the increasing rate of bal decreases.  

osteogenesis imperfecta (oi) refers to a congenital ailment of bones. in the condition, the bones become brittle or fragile. this ailment is a general result of the defect or mutations in the genes (colia1 or colia2). this mutation results in imperfect collagen formation either in quantity or quality wise.  

there are eight kinds of oi defects, and each kind varies with certain distinctions in symptoms. the usual symptoms include frequent bone fractures, loss of hearing in infants, protruding eyes, discoloration of the white in the eyes, respiratory issues, loosening of the joints, short stature, and other symptoms.