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answer: the correct option is d. enzyme

lactase and carbonic anhydrase are the examples of enzymes.

lactase is an enzyme, which is present in the small intestine of mammals. it in the digestion of the disaccharide, lactose ( milk sugar) by converting it into two monosachharide, which are glucose and galactose.

carbonic anhydrase is present in the red blood cells. this enzyme plays significant role in the transport of co₂. it in the conversion of co₂ and h₂o into carbonic acid, which is then dissociated into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions.

we solve the problem using the hardy-wineberg equation.

let us start with the homozygous recessive proportion of individuals with sickle cell anaemia,

we have the proportion as q² = 0.25.

∴ q = 0.5 (frequency of hbs in population)

further,

solving for the frequency of normal cell by using the fact that,

p + q = 1

∴ p = 1 - 0.5 = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5

now we can calculate 2pq in p² + 2pq + q², which is the frequency for heterozygous carriers of sickle cell anaemia,

∴ 2pq = 2 x 0.5 x 0.5 = 0.5

and the homozygous normal cell individuals proportion is given by the expression,

∴ p² = 0.5² = 0.25

hence, the carriers for sickle cell anaemia are in proportion, 0.5, or 50%.