Some medicines are delivered in capsules or artificial vesicles to be swallowed. Would this method be best for delivering medicines that act on target protein in the plasma membrane, the mitochondria, or the cytosol?

the cytoplasm because cytoplasmic enzymes can degrade artificial vesicles such as, for example, lipid-like vesicles. Subsequently, the drug can be delivered at specific cellular locations (including the cell membrane and mitochondria)

Explanation:

The design and development of drug delivery systems is fundamental for the efficiency of the medicine being delivered to the body. Within the cytoplasm, there are specific lytic enzymes that degrade capsules containing medicine (e.g., lipolytic enzymes capable of degrading lipid vesicles). Within the cytoplasm, the drug is delivered to target sites (in this case, the cell membrane or mitochondria) by the activation of different molecular recognition mechanisms.

hydroxyl -oh

alcohols, always polar, can form hydrogen bonds with h2o molecules

carboxyl -cooh  

cargoxylic acids, has acidic properties which is a source of hydrogen ions, found in cells in ionized for with a charge of oh-1

carbonyl > co

ketone if within skeleton, aldehyde if group is at the end of skeleton, k & a may be structural isomers, it determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)

amino -nh2

amines, acts as a base, it can pick up h+ ions from surrounding solution, ionized with charge of 1+

methyl ch2

addition to rna/dna affects and gene expression

phosphate -opo3 ²⁻

organic phosphates, contributes to negative charge to, molecule that it is a part of, and potential to react with h20

sulfhydryl -sh

thiols, cross-linking stabilize the protein, and it is structure