What are similarities and differences between the structures of DNA and RNA?

The similarities and differences between DNA and RNA are given as follows:

Explanation:

Similarities:

Both are made up of nucleotides

Nucleotides are made up of nitrogenous bases, a pentose sugar, and the phosphate backbone.

Both DNA and RNA have four nitrogenous bases each - two purines two pyrimidines

Purine binds with pyrimidines

Differences

DNA uses the nitrogenous bases adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine whereas RNA uses adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine. Uracil lacks a methyl group on its ring

RNA contains the sugar ribose that has an extra -OH while DNA contains the deoxyribose sugar that has H at the 2 carbon.

DNA is double-stranded while RNA is a single-stranded

Under alkaline conditions, DNA is stable while RNA is not stable.

sulfur dioxide

explanation: acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. these substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.